To study the effect of salinity stress on some physiological traits in wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replicates was performed at 2017 in the research greenhouse of Agronomy Department, University of Tehran. Salinity treatments at two levels; control (1.2 dS/m) and sodium chloride treatment (16 dS/m) and seven wheat cultivars, Rowshan, Inia-66, Mahdavi, Khazar-1, Karaj-2, Ghods and Shole were the experimental treatments. According to the results, RELATIVE WATER CONTENT, yield and its components and potassium/sodium ratio decreased in all genotypes while Na+ CONTENT and remobilization of carbohydrates were increased. Salt resistant varieties, Roshan and Inia-66, had the highest level of RELATIVE WATER CONTENT, remobilization of soluble carbohydrates and number of grains per spike. In addition, Roshan cultivar showed the highest potassium concentration and K+/Na+ in the shoots, while Ghods and Sholeh as sensitive cultivars had the highest sodium concentration in the shoots. Findings showed that the ability of a cultivar to remobilize soluble carbohydrates is one of the traits that determine salt stress tolerance, hence, this trait is suitable for evaluating salt tolerance of wheat cultivars in the future investigations.

Harvest time, in olive, is an important key to achieve high quality and quantity of oil with a desired and balanced fatty acid (high oleic acid and low palmitic and linoleic acid) composition. Appropriate harvesting time varies in different locations depending on climatic and agronomic situations and identifying the right time for harvesting may bring about a high quality oil. Thus, the current study was carried out to determine the best harvesting time for two Iranian (Mari and Shenge) and two foreign (Kroniki and Arbequina) cultivars in the region of Tarom, Zanjan, (north of Iran). The results obtained indicated that palmitic, oleic and stearic acid CONTENTs decreased and linoleic and palmitic acid CONTENTs increased with the progress of ripening. In addition, oil percentage increased with the progress of fruit growth and development. Based on the amount of desired fatty acids, the best harvesting time for the Mari, Kroniki and Arbeqina cultivars, was 180 days after full bloom. It was revealed that the cultivar Shenge is not suitable for oil extraction, due to the low percentage of oleic acids. Therefore, Shenge could be cultivated for producing olive cans rather than olive oil and the best harvesting time for Shenge is 120 days after full bloom.

In comparison to other horticultural crops, Citrus species are among saline sensitive plants. One way to increase saline tolerance is grafting sensitive cultivars onto tolerant rootstocks. Sweet lime (Citrus limetta) is one of the most sensitive species to salinity of soil and WATER, and under such conditions, drastic reduction occurs in vegetative growth and yield. The present study was conducted to evaluate salinity tolerance of sweet time grafted on different rootstocks including Sour orange (c. aurantium), Sweet lime (c. limetta), Mexican lime (c. aurantifolia), Volkameriana (c. volkameriana) and Bakraii (c. reticulata ´ C. limetta). One year old seedlings of rootstocks were planted in pots containig native soil (pH=8.2) and after full establishment, were budded with sweet lime scions. The four levels of salinity imposed were: 0, 20, 40 and 60 mole L1¯ NaCl for ten weeks. At the end of the experiment, chlorophyll CONTENT, solute leakage and RELATIVE WATER CONTENT of leaves, fresh and dry weight of scion were measured. The results showed that chlorophyll CONTENT, solute. leakage and RELATIVE WATER CONTENT of leaves, fresh and dry weight of scion were differ among rootstocks. Under salinity treatments different changes occurred in chlorophyll CONTENT, solute leakage, RELATIVE WATER, fresh and dry weight of scions among rootstocks. Generaly it was concluded that under the conditions of this experiment, Volkameriana, and to some extent Bakraii, could induce salinity resistance in sweet lime scions.

Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of methanol foliar application and drought stress on soybean yield during 2008 in maahdasht (Karaj, Azad University, Iran). Three levels of irrigations (Irrigations after 40%, 60% and 70% depletion of available WATER) and 4 doses of methanol (0%, 14%, 21% and 28% volume of methanol + 0.2% glycine in each solutions) assignee in a split plot arrange of treatment with four replications. Three times foliar application was done according to 14 days intervals on plants and Grain yield, RELATIVE WATER CONTENTs, membrane stability, Chlorophyll traits were evaluated. The results indicated that there was significant difference between irrigations levels, methanol doses and their interaction effects. Treatment of T1M3 (40% available WATER and 21% of methanol) had highest yield with the 2890.5 kg/ha. Treatment T3M1 (70% available WATER and 14% of methanol) with 1384.5 kg/ha gained to the lowest grain production.

Two pot experiments were conducted under a shelter in order to compare transpiration efficiency and RELATIVE WATER CONTENT of eight alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars. Pots were made of 80 cm long P.V.C. tubes with 10 cm in diameter. During the experiment, plants were harvested five times and each time pots were weighted and the amount of WATER used and dry matter produced were recorded. During a period of two weeks without irrigation, leaf samples were taken every 3 days and RELATIVE WATER CONTENT was measured. Cultivars used different amount of WATER and produced different amount of dry matter in each growth period. However, differences were not significant at whole growth period. Cultivars Hamedani and Diabloverde which showed the highest values of transpiration efficiency also had the highest values of RELATIVE WATER CONTENT at 65% soil WATER CONTENT, while Sequel and Yazdi had the lowest values. Cultivars with highest values of transpiration efficiency are suggested to be better for cultivation under mild WATER stress conditions.

To study the effects of used WATER in evapotranspiration, seed number per unit area and leaf RELATIVE WATER CONTENT on seed weight of canola (Brassica napus L.), an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design, arranged in a split-plot under two conditions, i.e. supplemental irrigation and rainfed in 2005-7. Two cultivars of canola (‘Hyola401’ and ‘RGS003’) as subplots were grown at five sowing dates as main plots, spaced 30 days apart. There was a linear relationship between seed weight and used WATER in evapotranspiration. Irrigation increased seed weight and seed yield significantly. The mean 1000- seed weight under irrigation and rainfed conditions was 3.2 and 2.7g in 2005-6, and 4.2 and 3.7g in 2006-7. There was a strong linear relationship between seed weight and leaf RELATIVE WATER CONTENT, explaining 92 and 84 percent of the variation for ‘Hyola401’ and ‘RGS003’, respectively. For an each percent increase in leaf RELATIVE WATER CONTENT, 1000-seed weight of ‘Hyola401’ and ‘RGS003’ increased 0.191 and 0.146g, respectively. The strong relationships of seed weight with used WATER in evapotranspiration and leaf RELATIVE WATER CONTENT, over different environmental conditions and cultivars, showed these variables to be generally applicable in canola seed weight determination.